Ophthalmic Instrument Sterilization

ASCRS, AAO, AND OOSS RELEASE SPECIALTY-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES FOR

OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENT CLEANING AND STERILIZATION

In 2018, ASCRS, AAO, and the Outpatient Ophthalmic Surgery Society (OOSS) released specialty-specific guidelines for the sterile processing of ophthalmic surgical instruments. This document makes evidence-based recommendations regarding issues that may be unique to the cleaning and sterilization of intraocular instrumentation. Read the guideline document here. The guidelines were published in JCRS in 2018, accompanied by this editorial.  

The new guidelines are the product of a three-year collaboration of the three organizations through a task force chaired by David F. Chang, MD and Nick Mamalis, MD. This important document provides ophthalmology-specific recommendations with the intent of helping our members to better understand, adopt, or defend certain well-established sterile processing practices.

Background

Because of increased scrutiny of longstanding sterilization processes in ophthalmology by The Joint Commission and CMS, as well as the heightened threat to licensure or coverage faced by ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) over the past decade, the organizations created the Ophthalmic Instrument Cleaning & Sterilization (OICS) Task Force and worked together to educate the various regulatory agencies that some broad general surgery requirements and guidelines are not necessarily appropriate for the cleaning and sterilization of ophthalmic instruments. Separate challenges came from The Joint Commission, which originally required a full terminal wrapped and dry cycle for sequential same-day cases, and from a CMS ruling that immediate use steam sterilization (IUSS) could not be performed routinely for any type of surgery. Additionally—and extremely problematic for ASCs performing anterior segment surgery—many CMS surveyors considered short sterilization cycles for cataract instruments to be IUSS.

As a result of this joint task force effort, CMS clarified the acceptability of short-cycle sterilization for sequential same-day ophthalmic cases with certain constraints. However, there continued to be ambiguities in the interpretation of what was acceptable.

For this reason, the task force designed a study of short-cycle sterilization with commonly used FDA-approved sterilizers identified by its survey of ophthalmic ASCs. Funded by ASCRS, OOSS, and the Academy, this study, http://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(18)30341-5/fulltext established the safety and acceptability of short-cycle ophthalmic instrument processing for sequential same-day surgery, even when the drying phase is interrupted, if allowed by the sterilizer’s instructions for use (IFU).

An additional issue addressed by the guidelines is the necessity of routinely using enzymatic detergent to clean ophthalmic instruments prior to sterilization if specified by the IFU. Previous studies have shown that enzymatic residues on intraocular instruments are a leading cause of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS), and the task force referenced new studies from the Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT, that show the difficulty of eliminating microscopic enzyme residues, even with prompt, thorough rinsing while following the IFU.

This article provides additional background information.